On Wednesday, November 20, the UN Climate Conference (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan, spotlighted urbanization and transportation as critical areas for climate action. The day emphasized the pivotal role of cities and towns in reducing global emissions and advancing public health.
A key moment of the day was the launch of the COP29 Multisectoral Actions Pathways (MAP) Declaration for Resilient and Healthy Cities, a call by the World Health Organization (WHO) for cities and nations to commit to transformative urban planning and transportation policies.
With over 55% of the global population currently living in urban areas—a figure expected to rise to nearly 70% by 2050—cities account for more than 70% of carbon emissions from energy use. Reimagining urban spaces could significantly reduce emissions, enhance air quality, and improve physical and mental health globally.
“Health doesn’t start in hospitals—green spaces, accessible public transport, and resilient urban design can save lives,” said Dr. Maria Neira, WHO’s Director of Environment, Climate Change, and Health. “Clean air, exercise, and access to nature profoundly improve health outcomes. Taking climate action in cities is essential to preventing disease, saving lives, and mitigating global climate change.”
Commitments to Healthier, Resilient Cities
The COP29 Ministerial Declaration, endorsed by mayors worldwide, calls for urban and transportation policies that prioritize clean air, biodiversity protection, and sustainable design. It highlights the co-benefits of climate interventions, including improved public health, reduced health risks, and economic savings through reduced air pollution and more sustainable urban systems.
WHO advocates for evidence-based, multi-sectoral strategies in urban areas, aligning with the upcoming Second Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health. Healthier cities that integrate nature, reduce car dependence, and promote active transportation (such as walking and cycling) offer profound benefits. These include reducing air pollution, which currently contributes to 7 million deaths annually, and addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
By prioritizing climate-resilient urban planning, cities can save lives, improve child health, and play a pivotal role in combating climate change globally.
